The correct option is Bacteria : Prokaryotic organism
Explanation
Organisms are classified based on their cellular organization (unicellular or multicellular) and the complexity of their cell structure (prokaryotic or eukaryotic). Prokaryotic cells lack a defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, whereas eukaryotic cells possess a true nucleus and complex organelles. Additionally, the presence or absence of a cell wall is a distinguishing feature among different kingdoms.
Option-wise Analysis
- Option (a) is Incorrect: Amoeba is a unicellular organism belonging to the Kingdom Protista. It performs all physiological activities, such as digestion, locomotion, and respiration, within a single cell, unlike multicellular organisms which consist of specialized cells.
- Option (b) is Incorrect: Fungi are eukaryotic organisms. Their cells contain a distinct nucleus enclosed by a nuclear membrane and other membrane-bound organelles. While some fungi like yeast are unicellular, most are multicellular, but all are eukaryotes.
- Option (c) is Correct: Bacteria are the classic examples of prokaryotic organisms. They lack a true nucleus (the genetic material is organized as a nucleoid) and do not possess membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria or the Golgi apparatus.
- Option (d) is Incorrect: Plant cells are characterized by the presence of a rigid cell wall composed primarily of cellulose. This cell wall provides structural support and protection, distinguishing plant cells from animal cells, which lack cell walls.
Key Takeaway
Bacteria are prokaryotes characterized by the absence of a nuclear membrane. Fungi, Plants, and Animals are eukaryotes with defined nuclei. Amoeba is a unicellular eukaryote, while plants are distinct for having cellulose-based cell walls.