The correct option is Private ownership of farm machinery.
Explanation
The Kolkhoz was a model of collective farming implemented in the former Soviet Union. It was designed to replace individual peasant farming with large-scale, socialized agricultural production where resources were pooled.
Analysis of Features:
- Private ownership of farm machinery (Not a feature): This is the correct answer. Under the Kolkhoz system, private ownership of the means of production, including heavy farm machinery, was abolished. Machinery was typically owned by the state (managed through Machine Tractor Stations) or, in later periods, by the collective entity itself, but never by individual members.
- State ownership of land: In the Soviet model, all land was nationalized. While the Kolkhoz was granted the right to use the land in perpetuity, the legal ownership remained with the State.
- Profit sharing among members: Members of a Kolkhoz were paid a share of the farm's produce and income based on the number of "workdays" they contributed, rather than a fixed wage.
- Centralised decision-making: The system was integrated into the broader planned economy. The government set production quotas, prices, and delivery schedules, leaving limited autonomy to the collective.
Key Takeaway: Collective farming (Kolkhoz) is characterized by the pooling of land and labour and the social ownership of production tools, explicitly excluding private ownership of machinery.