The correct option is Petroleum.
Explanation
The process of taking out minerals from rocks buried under the earth's surface is called mining. The specific method of extraction depends on the depth and physical state (solid, liquid, or gas) of the mineral resource.
- Petroleum (Correct): Petroleum and natural gas occur far below the earth's surface in sedimentary basins. To extract these resources, deep wells are bored into the crust. This specific process is known as drilling.
- Gold (Incorrect): Gold deposits are often located at great depths. The extraction usually involves shaft mining, where deep bores (shafts) are made to reach mineral deposits. While drilling is used for exploration or blasting, the primary extraction method is not termed "drilling" in the same context as oil extraction.
- Granite (Incorrect): Granite is a hard rock typically found near the surface. It is extracted simply by quarrying, where minerals are dug out directly from the surface.
- Bauxite (Incorrect): Bauxite is an ore of aluminum found in wide, flat layers near the surface. It is extracted through open-cast mining, which involves removing the overlying surface layer (overburden) to access the ore.
Key Takeaway: Drilling is the distinct extraction technique used for liquid and gaseous fossil fuels (petroleum and natural gas) located at significant depths, whereas solid minerals are extracted via open-cast mining, shaft mining, or quarrying.