The correct option is 1 and 4 only.
Explanation
Pastoral nomadism is a primitive form of subsistence activity where herders rely on livestock for food, clothing, shelter, tools, and transport. It is typically practiced in regions with harsh climatic conditions where crop cultivation is difficult or impossible.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: Pastoral nomadism involves extensive grazing. The livestock grazes on natural vegetation over large areas of land. It is an extensive form of land use rather than an intensive one.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: This system relies on natural pastures which often have limited carrying capacity, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Therefore, it supports a very low population density, not a high one.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: A defining characteristic of nomadism is the lack of permanent settlements. Herders migrate from place to place in search of fresh pastures and water sources.
- Statement 4 is Correct: In pastoral nomadism, the movement is not just of the animals but involves the movement of households (entire families or communities) along with their livestock.
Key Takeaway: Pastoral nomadism is an extensive, mobile subsistence system characterized by low capital investment, reliance on nature, and low population density, distinguishing it from commercial livestock rearing.