Correct Option
The correct option is (c).
Explanation
The phenomenon of seasons is primarily determined by the variation in the amount of solar energy (insolation) received by different latitudes throughout the year. This variation is driven by the Earth's specific movements and its orientation in space relative to the Sun.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1: Rotation of the Earth - Incorrect
The rotation of the Earth on its axis occurs once every 24 hours. This movement is responsible for the cycle of day and night, the apparent daily movement of the Sun, and the Coriolis force. While it influences daily temperature variations, it does not cause the annual cycle of seasons. - Statement 2: Revolution of the Earth - Correct
The Earth revolves around the Sun in an elliptical orbit, completing one circuit approximately every 365 days. This annual movement changes the Earth's position relative to the Sun, which is a fundamental prerequisite for the changing seasons. - Statement 3: Inclination of the Earth's axis in a fixed direction - Correct
The Earth's axis is tilted at an angle of 66½° to the plane of its orbit (the ecliptic plane) and maintains a fixed orientation in space (parallelism of the axis). Because of this tilt, the Northern and Southern Hemispheres lean towards or away from the Sun at different times during the revolution. This causes variations in the duration of daylight and the angle of the Sun's rays, directly resulting in seasons. Without this tilt, the Earth would experience uniform climatic conditions year-round relative to latitude.
Key Takeaway
Seasons are caused by the combined effect of the revolution of the Earth around the Sun and the tilt (inclination) of the Earth's axis. Rotation is responsible for the day-night cycle.