The correct option is (a).
Explanation
The Equinox represents the position of the Earth in its orbit around the Sun when the circle of illumination passes directly through the North and South Poles. This phenomenon occurs twice a year, approximately on 21st March and 23rd September.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: During an equinox, the Earth's axis is inclined neither towards nor away from the Sun. Consequently, the circle of illumination bisects all latitudes, resulting in equal durations of day and night across the entire globe.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: On the days of the equinox, the direct vertical rays of the Sun fall on the Equator (0° latitude). The direct rays of the Sun fall on the Tropic of Cancer (23.5° N) only during the Summer Solstice (around June 21).
Key Takeaway:
An Equinox is defined by the Sun being vertically overhead at the Equator, whereas Solstices are defined by the Sun being vertically overhead at either the Tropic of Cancer or the Tropic of Capricorn.