The correct option is Spain.
Explanation
Federations are classified into two distinct categories based on their mode of formation: 'Coming Together' federations and 'Holding Together' federations. This classification determines the balance of power between the central authority and the constituent units.Analysis of Federation Types:
- Holding Together Federation: This type emerges when a large country decides to divide its power between the constituent states and the national government. In such systems, the central government tends to be more powerful vis-à-vis the states, and different constituent units may sometimes be granted unequal powers. Spain, along with India and Belgium, is a prime example of a 'Holding Together' federation.
- Coming Together Federation: This involves independent states coming together on their own to form a larger unit to enhance security while retaining their independent identity. In this arrangement, the constituent states usually possess equal power and are strong relative to the federal government. The USA, Switzerland, and Australia are examples of 'Coming Together' federations.
Key Takeaway:
Spain is a 'Holding Together' federation where authority is devolved from the center, whereas the USA, Switzerland, and Australia are 'Coming Together' federations formed by the aggregation of independent states.