Correct Option
The correct option is 1, 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
The annual rainfall distribution in India is primarily determined by the direction of the moisture-laden Southwest Monsoon winds and the orographic barriers (mountains) that obstruct them. Areas receiving very heavy rainfall (exceeding 200 cm) are typically located on the windward sides of major mountain ranges and in regions with funneling topography.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1: West Coast and Western Ghats - Correct
The Western Ghats act as a massive orographic barrier to the Arabian Sea branch of the Southwest Monsoon. The windward slopes (Western Coast) receive very heavy rainfall, often exceeding 250 cm annually. - Statement 2: Sub-Himalayan areas in the Northeast - Correct
The Bay of Bengal branch of the monsoon is directed towards the Eastern Himalayas. The sub-Himalayan ranges in Arunachal Pradesh and surrounding areas receive heavy precipitation due to the obstruction of these winds. - Statement 3: Hills of Meghalaya - Correct
The funnel-shaped hills of Garo, Khasi, and Jaintia in Meghalaya trap the moisture-laden clouds, resulting in some of the highest rainfall in the world (e.g., Mawsynram and Cherrapunji). This region receives rainfall well in excess of 200 cm. - Statement 4: Brahmaputra Valley - Incorrect
While the Brahmaputra Valley receives significant rainfall, it largely falls under the category of Medium Rainfall (100-200 cm) according to standard climatic classifications. The valley lies in the rain shadow of the Meghalaya plateau (Shillong Plateau) to the south and receives comparatively less rainfall than the surrounding hills.
Key Takeaway
Rainfall Zones: The Very High Rainfall zone (>200 cm) includes the West Coast, Western Ghats, Meghalaya Hills, and Sub-Himalayan Northeast. The Brahmaputra Valley typically falls in the High/Medium Rainfall zone (100-200 cm) due to local rain shadow effects.