The correct option is 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Explanation
Organic farming is an agricultural system that relies on ecological processes, biodiversity, and cycles adapted to local conditions, rather than the use of inputs with adverse effects. It excludes the use of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and genetically modified organisms.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: Organic farming relies on on-farm inputs such as cattle manure, compost, and bio-fertilizers. This substitutes the need for expensive, commercially produced synthetic agricultural inputs (like chemical fertilizers and pesticides), thereby reducing the cost of cultivation for farmers.
- Statement 2 is Correct: There is a significant and growing demand for organic products in international markets. This demand allows for the generation of income through exports, often fetching a premium price compared to conventional produce.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Organic food is produced without the use of synthetic chemicals, making it safer for consumption. It is widely cited as providing healthy food with higher nutritional value compared to food grown using intensive chemical farming methods.
- Statement 4 is Correct: Organic farming is inherently more labour-intensive than conventional farming because tasks such as mechanical weeding, composting, and pest management require more manual effort. In labour-surplus economies like India, this is viewed as a benefit because it generates employment opportunities in rural areas.
Key Takeaway:
Organic farming is an eco-friendly agricultural practice that offers economic benefits through reduced input costs and export potential, health benefits through chemical-free produce, and social benefits through employment generation.