The correct option is Article 356
Explanation
Part XVIII of the Constitution of India (Articles 352-360) contains Emergency Provisions. These provisions enable the Central Government to effectively handle abnormal situations and preserve the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of the country.Analysis of
- Article 356 (Correct): This Article empowers the President to issue a proclamation if he is satisfied that a situation has arisen in which the government of a State cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution. This is commonly known as President’s Rule or State Emergency. The President acts on a report from the Governor of the State or otherwise.
- Article 352: This Article deals with the proclamation of a National Emergency. It can be declared on the grounds of war, external aggression, or armed rebellion.
- Article 360: This Article empowers the President to proclaim a Financial Emergency if he is satisfied that a situation has arisen whereby the financial stability or credit of India or any part of its territory is threatened.
- Article 370: This Article contained temporary provisions granting special autonomous status to the State of Jammu and Kashmir. (Note: This status was effectively abrogated in August 2019).
Key Takeaway:
Article 356 authorizes the Centre to take over the administration of a State in the event of the failure of constitutional machinery, often based on the Governor's report.