Correct Option
The correct option isPaper pulp, clay, and an adhesive.
Explanation
Papier-mâché is a composite material traditionally used for crafting, modeling, and creating idols. It is recognized as an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic materials like Plaster of Paris (PoP), primarily because it is biodegradable and utilizes recycled materials.
Detailed Analysis
- Paper pulp, clay, and an adhesive. is Correct: The primary components of papier-mâché are paper pulp (derived from soaking and mashing waste paper), clay (often added for weight and smoothness), and an adhesive (such as gum, starch, or flour paste) to bind the mixture. This composition ensures the material dissolves or degrades easily when immersed in water or left in soil.
- Plastic shreds and glue. is Incorrect: Plastic shreds are non-biodegradable and are not used in traditional papier-mâché. Using plastic would negate the eco-friendly purpose of the material.
- Sand and cement. is Incorrect: A mixture of sand and cement forms mortar or concrete, which are construction materials and not used for lightweight handicrafts.
- Wax and sawdust. is Incorrect: While sawdust is sometimes used in other modeling clays, it is not the defining ingredient of papier-mâché, which relies on paper fibers.
Key Takeaway: Papier-mâché is prepared from paper pulp and adhesive. It is promoted in environmental management as a sustainable method to recycle paper waste (Solid Waste) and as a non-polluting alternative for idols to prevent water pollution.