The correct option is 1, 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
The Right against Exploitation is enshrined in Articles 23 and 24 of the Indian Constitution. These provisions are designed to prevent the exploitation of vulnerable sections of society by the State or private individuals.
- Statement 1 is Correct: Article 23 explicitly prohibits traffic in human beings and begar (forced labour without payment) and other similar forms of forced labour. Any contravention of this provision is an offence punishable in accordance with the law.
- Statement 2 is Correct: The term "traffic in human beings" under Article 23 includes the buying and selling of men, women, and children like goods. This specifically targets practices such as slavery and prostitution.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Article 24 prohibits the employment of children below the age of 14 years in any factory, mine, or other hazardous activities. This provision aims to safeguard the health and development of children.
- Statement 4 is Incorrect: The prohibition of employment of women in night shifts is not a specific provision under the Right against Exploitation in the Constitution. While certain statutory laws (e.g., the Factories Act, 1948) regulate working hours for women, this is not a constitutional prohibition under Articles 23 or 24. Furthermore, absolute restrictions on women working night shifts have been challenged and relaxed in various jurisdictions to uphold the Right to Equality and Right to Profession.
Key Takeaway: The Right against Exploitation (Articles 23-24) strictly prohibits human trafficking, forced labour (begar), and child labour in hazardous industries. It does not constitutionally ban night shifts for women.