Correct Option
The correct option is Malpighian body (Glomerulus + Bowman's).
Explanation
The nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney. Each nephron consists of two major parts: the renal corpuscle (or Malpighian body) and the renal tubule. The renal corpuscle is responsible for the initial filtration of blood.
Detailed Analysis
- Renal Corpuscle (Malpighian Body): This structure is composed of two specific components:
- Glomerulus: A tuft of capillaries formed by the afferent arteriole. Blood filtration occurs across the capillary walls here.
- Bowman's Capsule: A double-walled, cup-like structure that encloses the glomerulus and collects the glomerular filtrate.
- Nephron: This refers to the entire functional unit of the kidney, which includes the renal corpuscle and the renal tubule (Proximal Convoluted Tubule, Loop of Henle, and Distal Convoluted Tubule). It is a broader term than renal corpuscle.
- Vasa Recta: These are minute vessels of the peritubular capillaries that run parallel to the Loop of Henle, primarily in juxtamedullary nephrons. They are involved in the concentration of urine, not the initial filtration structure.
- Peritubular Capillary: This is a network of capillaries emerging from the efferent arteriole that surrounds the renal tubule. It facilitates reabsorption and secretion but is distinct from the corpuscle itself.
Key Takeaway: The renal corpuscle, also known as the Malpighian body, consists exclusively of the Glomerulus and Bowman's capsule.