NCERT Class 11 Science — Chapter 6: Excretory Products and their Elimination

During haemodialysis, which substance is added to the blood to prevent coagulation?

Which organ is responsible for the elimination of carbon dioxide and significant amounts of water vapour?

Which hormone acts as a vasodilator and lowers blood pressure?

Podocytes are specialised cells found in the:

The network of capillaries emerging from the efferent arteriole and surrounding the renal tubules is called the:

The extensions of the renal cortex between the medullary pyramids are known as:

Flame cells (protonephridia) are the excretory structures found in which group?

The renal corpuscle consists of:

The Glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule together constitute the:

Consider the following statements: 1. Vasa recta are straight vessels that run perpendicular to the loop of Henle. 2. Vasa recta are absent or highly reduced in cortical nephrons. 3. Peritubular capillaries arise from the efferent arteriole. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Juxtaglomerular (JG) cells release which enzyme in response to a drop in glomerular blood pressure?

The capillary network that runs parallel to the Loop of Henle in juxtamedullary nephrons is the:

Small amounts of nitrogenous wastes can be eliminated through which of the following secretions?

Which of the following animals excretes nitrogenous waste as uric acid pellets to conserve water?

The process of excreting nitrogenous waste primarily in the form of ammonia is termed:

Nephrons that possess a long Loop of Henle running deep into the medulla are termed:

The excretory organs of earthworms are known as:

Which substance is retained in the blood and does not pass into the Bowman's capsule during ultrafiltration?

Assertion (A): Reptiles and birds excrete nitrogenous wastes as uric acid. Reason (R): Uric acid is the most toxic nitrogenous waste and requires large amounts of water for elimination.

With reference to nitrogenous waste management, consider the following statements: 1. Ammonia is the most toxic among the common nitrogenous wastes. 2. Uric acid requires the most water for elimination. 3. Ammonia requires more water for elimination than urea. Which of the statements given above are correct?

The concave notch on the medial surface of the kidney through which the ureter and blood vessels enter is called the:

Consider the following about tubular reabsorption: 1. Nearly 99% of the filtrate is reabsorbed. 2. Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed by active transport. 3. Nitrogenous wastes are reabsorbed by passive transport. 4. Water is reabsorbed actively in the initial segments. Which of the statements given above are correct?

The condition characterised by the accumulation of urea in the blood due to kidney failure is:

Which of the following statements about the collecting duct are correct? 1. It is impermeable to urea. 2. It can reabsorb large amounts of water. 3. It plays no role in acid-base balance.

Consider the following statements regarding urine concentration: 1. Filtrate and blood in Henle’s loop and vasa recta flow in opposite directions. 2. Osmolarity increases from cortex to inner medulla. 3. NaCl and urea are the principal contributors to the medullary gradient. 4. Human kidneys can concentrate urine only twice the initial filtrate. Which of the statements given above are correct?

The specialised epithelial cells of Bowman’s capsule that create filtration slits are called:

Which two solutes are primarily responsible for maintaining the high osmolarity of the renal medulla?

Which component of blood is typically not found in the glomerular filtrate of a healthy kidney?

Which of the following groups of animals is primarily ureotelic (excretes urea)?

In crustaceans like prawns, excretion is performed by:

The pores between the foot processes of podocytes through which filtration occurs are called:

The formation of insoluble masses of crystallised salts (kidney stones) within the kidney is termed:

Human sweat consists primarily of water and:

Which hormone facilitates water reabsorption in the distal parts of the nephron, thereby preventing diuresis?