The correct option is Rigveda.
Explanation
The Purusha Sukta is a significant hymn dedicated to the "Cosmic Being" (Purusha). It is historically crucial as it provides the earliest scriptural reference to the fourfold Varna system (social hierarchy) in ancient India.Detailed Analysis:
- The Purusha Sukta is found in the 10th Mandala (Book 10) of the Rigveda.
- This hymn describes the creation of the universe through the sacrifice of the Primeval Man (Purusha).
- It outlines the origin of the four Varnas from different parts of the Purusha’s body:
- Brahmanas emerged from the mouth.
- Rajanyas (Kshatriyas) emerged from the arms.
- Vaishyas emerged from the thighs.
- Shudras emerged from the feet.
- Scholars often consider the 10th Mandala to be a later addition to the Rigveda, as this is the only instance where the term 'Shudra' appears in the text, indicating the transition from a flexible tribal society to a rigid class-based society.
Key Takeaway:
The Purusha Sukta, contained in the 10th Mandala of the Rigveda, is the first textual evidence mentioning the four Varnas, justifying the caste hierarchy based on divine origin.