The correct option is 1793.
Explanation
The Permanent Settlement, also known as the Zamindari System, was a land revenue system that recognized Zamindars as the owners of the land. The state's demand for land revenue was fixed in perpetuity, meaning it would not be increased in the future.
Historical Context and Analysis:
- 1793 (Correct): The Permanent Settlement was introduced in Bengal and Bihar by Lord Cornwallis in 1793. It was later extended to Orissa, Northern Madras, and the District of Varanasi. Under this system, the Zamindars had to pay a fixed amount of revenue to the Company (10/11th of the collection) and keep the rest (1/11th) for themselves.
- 1765: This year marks the Treaty of Allahabad, where the East India Company acquired the Diwani rights (right to collect revenue) for Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa following the Battle of Buxar.
- 1773: This year is associated with the Regulating Act of 1773, which laid the foundation of central administration in India and designated the Governor of Bengal as the Governor-General of Bengal.
- 1813: This year is associated with the Charter Act of 1813, which ended the Company's monopoly on trade with India (except for trade in tea and trade with China).
Key Takeaway:
The Permanent Settlement was introduced in 1793 by Lord Cornwallis, primarily in Bengal, fixing the land revenue demand permanently.