The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
The Paharias were the hill folk inhabiting the Rajmahal hills (in present-day Jharkhand) during the late 18th century. Their economy and lifestyle were intimately connected to the forest and the practice of shifting cultivation (jhum), relying on the hoe rather than the plough.
Statement 1 is Correct:
The Paharias depended heavily on forest produce for subsistence. They collected mahua (a flower), which was dried and consumed as a staple food source.
Statement 2 is Incorrect:
The Paharias were not isolated from the market economy. They actively collected forest products such as silk cocoons and resin specifically for sale or barter with settled cultivators and traders in the plains.
Statement 3 is Correct:
The forest provided various resources essential for their livelihood, including wood which was used for charcoal production. This charcoal was often supplied to local artisans.
Key Takeaway:
The Paharia livelihood was defined by a symbiosis with the forest, involving shifting cultivation, hunting, and the collection of forest produce (mahua, silk, resin, charcoal) for both consumption and trade.