The correct option is 6,378 km.
Explanation
The Earth is not a perfect sphere but an oblate spheroid (Geoid). This means it is slightly flattened at the poles and bulges at the equator due to its rotation. Consequently, the Earth has two primary radii: the equatorial radius and the polar radius.Analysis of Dimensions:
- Equatorial Radius: The distance from the center of the Earth to the equator is approximately 6,378 km.
- Polar Radius: The distance from the center of the Earth to the poles is approximately 6,357 km.
- Mean Radius: The average (mean) radius is generally calculated as approximately 6,371 km.
While the precise mean radius is ~6,371 km, 6,378 km 6,378 km corresponds to the equatorial radius and is the standard accepted value provided in the options.
Incorrect Options:
- 3,678 km 3,678 km: This figure is factually incorrect and holds no significance in planetary dimensions.
- 12,000 km 12,000 km: This value approximates the Earth's diameter (which is roughly 12,742 km), not the radius.
- 2,900 km 2,900 km: This depth marks the Gutenberg Discontinuity, the boundary separating the Earth's Mantle from the Outer Core.
Key Takeaway:
The Earth's radius is approximately 6,400 km. Specifically, the equatorial radius is 6,378 km and the polar radius is 6,357 km.