Every question from this NCERT chapter, with a detailed explanation.
With reference to 'Body Waves', consider the following statements: 1. They are generated due to the release of energy at the focus. 2. They move only in a vertical direction towards the surface. 3. They interact with surface rocks to generate surface waves. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which of the following statements is correct regarding the 'Shadow Zone' of P-waves?
With reference to the 'Mantle', consider the following statements: 1. The lower mantle is in a liquid state. 2. It extends from Moho's discontinuity to a depth of 2,900 km. 3. It has a lower density than that of the crust. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding the 'Crust': 1. It is the innermost solid part of the earth. 2. It is brittle in nature. 3. Its thickness varies between oceanic and continental areas. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
With reference to the sources of information about the interior of the earth, consider the following statements: 1. Mining and drilling projects provide direct information about the earth's interior materials. 2. Meteors are considered a direct source of information because they originate from the earth's core. 3. Gravitation and magnetic fields are indirect sources of information. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
The magnitude of an earthquake, as measured by the Richter scale, indicates:
Consider the following statements regarding 'Igneous Rocks': 1. They are formed by the cooling of lava. 2. If cooling takes place at the surface, they are called plutonic rocks. 3. If cooling takes place in the crust, they are called plutonic rocks. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding the propagation of earthquake waves: 1. Reflection makes waves move in different directions without rebounding. 2. Refraction makes waves move in different directions. 3. Variations in the direction of waves are inferred with the help of their record on seismograph. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding 'Phacoliths': 1. They are wavy masses of intrusive rocks. 2. They are found only in the horizontal bedding planes of sedimentary rocks. 3. They have a definite conduit to a source beneath. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below: List I | List II A. Focus | 1. Molten material in the upper mantle B. Epicentre | 2. Point on the surface nearest to the energy release C. Fault | 3. Point where energy is released during an earthquake D. Magma | 4. Sharp break in the crustal rocks
Consider the following statements about Earthquake Waves: 1. P-waves can travel only through solid materials. 2. S-waves can travel only through solid materials. 3. The velocity of waves changes as they travel through materials with different densities. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
The granite domal hills found on the Karnataka plateau are examples of which intrusive landform?
Consider the following statements regarding the gravitational force ($g$) on the Earth’s surface: 1. The gravitational force is the same at all latitudes. 2. The reading of gravity is greater near the poles than at the equator. 3. The difference between the expected gravity value and the actual reading is called gravity anomaly. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which of the following projects is/are related to exploring the conditions in the crustal portions of the earth? 1. Deep Ocean Drilling Project. 2. Integrated Ocean Drilling Project focuses solely on atmospheric studies. 3. Kola Superdeep Borehole Project is located in the Indian Ocean. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
With reference to earthquake waves, consider the following statements: 1. Body waves are generated due to the release of energy at the focus. 2. Surface waves move faster than body waves and are the first to be recorded on a seismograph. 3. Surface waves are considered to be the most damaging waves. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the propagation of P-waves?
Consider the following pairs regarding earthquake types: 1. Tectonic earthquakes : Generated due to sliding of rocks along a fault plane 2. Collapse earthquakes : Occur in areas of intense mining activity 3. Explosion earthquakes : Ground shaking due to chemical or nuclear explosions 4. Volcanic earthquakes : Confined to areas of active volcanoes Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
With reference to the 'Shadow Zone' of earthquakes, consider the following statements: 1. A zone between 105° and 145° from the epicentre is the shadow zone for only S-waves. 2. The shadow zone of S-waves is larger than that of P-waves. 3. Seismographs located beyond 145° from the epicentre record the arrival of P-waves but not S-waves. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which of the following is NOT considered a direct geomorphic hazard associated with earthquakes?
Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below: List I | List II A. Moho's discontinuity | 1. Crust and uppermost mantle B. Asthenosphere | 2. Upper portion of mantle, source of magma C. Lithosphere | 3. Core made of nickel and iron D. Nife layer | 4. Boundary between crust and mantle
With reference to the crust of the Earth, consider the following statements: 1. The mean thickness of the oceanic crust is around 50 km. 2. The continental crust is thicker than the oceanic crust. 3. The continental crust thickness never exceeds 30 km. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
In the context of Earth's interior, the term "Asthenosphere" refers to:
Consider the following statements regarding the Core of the Earth: 1. The core-mantle boundary is located at a depth of 2,900 km. 2. The outer core is in a solid state while the inner core is in a liquid state. 3. The core is constituted mostly by nickel and iron. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below: List I | List II A. Lapolith | 1. Saucer shape, concave to the sky body B. Phacolith | 2. Wavy mass of intrusive rocks found at the base of synclines C. Sill | 3. Thick horizontal deposits D. Dyke | 4. Wall-like structure perpendicular to the ground
How does the density of Earth's material change from the surface towards the interior?
Tectonic earthquakes primarily occur due to which of the following geological processes?
What is the term for the point on the Earth's surface vertically above the focus of an earthquake?
Consider the following statements regarding the Lithosphere: 1. It refers to the portion of depth up to 200 km from the surface of the earth. 2. It includes only the crust and excludes the mantle. 3. It is the layer where all natural earthquakes take place. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which of the following constitutes a "direct source" of information regarding the Earth's interior?
What does the existence of the S-wave shadow zone indicate about the Earth's interior?
Which of the following parameters does the Mercalli Scale measure?
The mean radius of the Earth is accepted to be:
With reference to intrusive volcanic landforms, what are "Batholiths"?
Which factor is primarily responsible for the gravitational force being lower at the equator compared to the poles?
Which category of earthquakes is the most common globally?
With reference to the 'Shadow Zone', which of the following statements is correct?
The term "Nife" is historically used to describe which layer of the Earth?
Consider the following statements regarding 'Earthquake Waves': 1. P-waves move faster and are the first to arrive at the surface. 2. S-waves arrive at the surface before P-waves. 3. P-waves are also called 'secondary waves'. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding 'Tsunamis': 1. They are earthquakes that occur on land. 2. The effect of tsunami would occur only if the epicentre of the tremor is below oceanic waters. 3. They are devastating if the magnitude of the quake is more than 5 on the Richter scale. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which of the following is considered an "indirect source" of information regarding the Earth's interior?
Consider the following statements regarding 'Volcanic Landforms': 1. Intrusive forms are developed when lava cools within the crustal portions. 2. Batholiths never appear on the surface even after denudation. 3. Dykes are horizontal bodies of intrusive igneous rocks. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
What is the estimated thickness range of the Earth's Lithosphere?
Consider the following statements regarding 'Dykes': 1. They are saucer-shaped structures. 2. They are formed when lava solidifies almost perpendicular to the ground. 3. They are rarely found in the Deccan Traps region. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding 'Volcanic Eruptions': 1. It provides no information about the interior of the earth. 2. It is difficult to ascertain the depth of the source of such magma. 3. The magma available for laboratory analysis comes from the asthenosphere. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which attribute of an earthquake does the Richter Scale quantify?
The physical state of the Earth's Outer Core is:
Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below: List I | List II A. Batholith | 1. Saucer shaped intrusive body B. Lacolith | 2. Cooled portion of magma chambers C. Lapolith | 3. Localised source of lava that finds its way to the surface D. Phacolith | 4. Wavy mass of intrusive rocks
Which statement correctly describes the variation in the Earth's crustal thickness?
Which behavior is characteristic of Primary waves (P-waves) during propagation?
The deepest man-made borehole, located at Kola in the Arctic, reached a depth of:
Consider the following statements regarding 'Seismic Activity': 1. It is one of the most important sources of information about the interior of the earth. 2. Seismic waves provide no information about the layered interior. 3. All natural earthquakes take place in the inner core. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
In seismology, the term hypocentre of an earthquake refers to which of the following?
The discontinuity separating the Earth's mantle from the core is located at a depth of:
Which characteristic distinguishes Secondary waves (S-waves) from Primary waves?
With reference to the 'Structure of the Earth', consider the following statements: 1. The crust is the outermost solid part of the earth. 2. The mantle extends from Moho's discontinuity to a depth of 500 km. 3. The core is made up of very heavy material mostly constituted by nickel and iron. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?