Correct Option
The correct option isRule of law.
Explanation
A fundamental characteristic of a modern democratic state is the concept of Constitutionalism or Limited Government. This principle ensures that the authority of the government is not absolute but is restricted by a supreme law and the inherent rights of the individual.
Option Analysis:
- Major decisions by elected leaders. Major decisions by elected leaders: This refers to the democratic mandate where representatives take decisions on behalf of the people. While essential, it defines the source of power rather than the limitations on it.
- Free and fair electoral competition. Free and fair electoral competition: This ensures that the process of acquiring power is democratic and that incumbents can be removed. It does not specifically define the legal boundaries of the government's daily functioning.
- Rule of law. Rule of law: Correct. The Rule of Law mandates that the government must act according to established laws rather than arbitrary will. It signifies that state power is limited by constitutional norms and the obligation to respect citizens' rights.
- One person, one vote, one value. One person, one vote, one value: This principle relates to political equality and Universal Adult Franchise, ensuring equal weightage for every citizen's vote, but does not directly address the limitation of executive or legislative power.
Key Takeaway:
The Rule of Law is the feature of democracy that prevents arbitrary rule by subjecting the government to constitutional limitations and ensuring the protection of citizens' rights.