The correct option is Peacock.
Explanation
Mesopotamian texts, particularly those from the Akkadian period, refer to the Indus Valley Civilization as Meluhha. These inscriptions provide valuable insights into the commercial and cultural exchanges between the two civilizations, listing various imports such as carnelian, lapis lazuli, ivory, and exotic animals.Historical Identification:
The "Haja-bird" is mentioned in Sumerian myths, specifically in the text "Enki and the World Order", where a blessing for Meluhha states: "May your bird be the Haja-bird, may its call be heard in the royal palace."
- Identification: Archaeologists and historians widely identify the Haja-bird as the Peacock (Pavo cristatus).
- Justification: The peacock is indigenous to the Indian subcontinent and is known for its loud, distinctive call, which fits the description of a bird whose sound permeates a palace. The bird does not originate in Mesopotamia, suggesting it was an exotic import. Furthermore, peacock motifs are frequently depicted on Harappan pottery, confirming its presence and significance in the Indus region.
Key Takeaway:
The "Haja-bird" mentioned in Mesopotamian texts regarding Meluhha refers to the Peacock, serving as evidence of the ecological context of the Indus Valley and its active trade relationship with Mesopotamia.