The correct option is Prodosh Das Gupta.
Explanation
The Calcutta Group, established in 1943, is historically significant as the first modernist art collective in India. It emerged during a critical period marked by the Bengal Famine and World War II, representing a departure from the revivalist and romantic styles of the Bengal School of Art.
Detailed Analysis:
- Prodosh Das Gupta: The group was formed under the leadership of the sculptor Prodosh Das Gupta. Along with founding members such as Subho Tagore, Gopal Ghose, Paritosh Sen, Nirode Mazumdar, and Prankrishna Pal, he advocated for a visual language that was international in technique yet rooted in Indian reality. Their guiding motto was "Art should be international and interdependent."
- D. P. Roy Choudhury: He was a celebrated sculptor and painter, known for iconic works like the "Triumph of Labour" and the "Martyrs' Memorial." While influential in the Indian art scene and associated with the Bengal School, he was not the founder of the Calcutta Group.
- P. V. Janakiram and Amarnath Sehgal: Both are prominent figures in modern Indian sculpture, known for their distinct styles (Janakiram for repoussé metal work and Sehgal for expressive bronze forms), but they were not the leaders behind the formation of the Calcutta Group in 1943.
Key Takeaway: The Calcutta Group (1943) was the first concerted effort towards modernism in Indian art, led by sculptor Prodosh Das Gupta, rejecting the sentimentalism of earlier schools in favor of social realism and global aesthetics.