The correct option is Removing Right to Property from Fundamental Rights.
Explanation
The 44th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1978 was enacted by the Janata Government primarily to nullify distortions introduced by the 42nd Amendment (1976) during the Emergency. Its objective was to restore civil liberties and provide adequate safeguards against the misuse of emergency provisions.
Option Analysis
- Removing Right to Property from Fundamental Rights. is Correct: The 44th Amendment repealed Article 19(1)(f) (right to acquire, hold and dispose of property) and Article 31 (compulsory acquisition of property). Consequently, the Right to Property ceased to be a Fundamental Right and became a constitutional or legal right under Article 300-A in Part XII of the Constitution.
- Adding Fundamental Duties. is Incorrect: Fundamental Duties (Part IV-A, Article 51-A) were added by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976, based on the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee.
- Lowering the voting age. is Incorrect: The voting age was lowered from 21 years to 18 years by the 61st Constitutional Amendment Act, 1988.
- Establishing the NHRC. is Incorrect: The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) is a statutory body established under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993, not through a constitutional amendment.
Key Takeaway: The 44th Amendment (1978) removed the Right to Property from the list of Fundamental Rights to prevent legal challenges to land reforms and economic legislation, reclassifying it as a legal right under Article 300-A.