Species which are not the natural inhabitants of the local habitat but are introduced into the system are called:

The correct option is Exotic species.

Explanation

In ecology and biogeography, species are classified based on their origin and distribution patterns. This classification distinguishes between organisms that naturally evolved in a specific habitat and those that were brought into that habitat, either intentionally or accidentally, by human agency or other external factors.

Option Analysis

• Endemic species Endemic species: These are species that are native to a specific geographical area and are not found naturally anywhere else in the world. For example, the Asiatic Lion is endemic to the Gir Forest in India. This option is Incorrect.
• Exotic species Exotic species: Also known as alien, non-native, or introduced species, these are organisms that are not native to a specific location but have been introduced into that ecosystem from a different geographical region. Examples include Water Hyacinth and Lantana in India. This option is Correct.
• Vulnerable species Vulnerable species: This is a conservation status category used by the IUCN Red List. It refers to species that are at high risk of extinction in the wild but does not describe their geographical origin. This option is Incorrect.
• Rare species Rare species: These are species with small populations that may be restricted to specific areas or thinly scattered over a wider area. While they are uncommon, the term does not imply that they are introduced. This option is Incorrect.

Key Takeaway

Exotic species are those introduced to a new habitat from elsewhere, whereas Endemic species are native and restricted to a specific region.