Kushanas
Explanation
The Kushana Empire, established by the Yuezhi tribes from Central Asia, became a dominant political power in North India during the post-Mauryan period. To manage their vast territories stretching from Central Asia to the Gangetic plains, the Kushanas maintained strategic administrative centers.
Historical Analysis
- Primary Capital: Under the reign of the most prominent Kushana ruler, Kanishka I, the main political capital was established at Purushapura (modern-day Peshawar).
- Second Capital: Mathura served as the second capital of the Kushana Empire. Its location was strategically vital for controlling the fertile Gangetic plains and managing trade routes.
- Cultural Significance: Mathura flourished under Kushana patronage, becoming a major center for the Mathura School of Art and religious activities involving Buddhism, Jainism, and Brahmanism.
Analysis of Other Options:
- Mauryas: Their capital was Pataliputra.
- Guptas: Their primary capital was Pataliputra. While Ujjain later became a significant secondary center (especially under Chandragupta II), Mathura is distinctively known as the second capital of the Kushanas.
- Satavahanas: Their capitals included Pratishthana (Paithan) and later Amaravati (Dharanikota).
Key Takeaway
Kanishka I of the Kushana dynasty administered his empire through two major political centers: Purushapura (Peshawar) as the primary capital and Mathura as the second capital.