The correct Answer is A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
Explanation
Reproduction is a fundamental biological process by which new individual organisms are produced from their parents. Asexual reproduction involves a single parent and results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent. Common modes of asexual reproduction include binary fission, multiple fission, and budding.
Statement-wise Analysis
- A. Amoeba - 3. Binary fission in any plane
- Correct: Amoeba reproduces asexually primarily through binary fission. In Amoeba, the division of the parent cell into two daughter cells can occur in any plane, as there is no fixed body shape or orientation.
- B. Leishmania - 4. Binary fission oriented to body structure
- Correct: Leishmania, a flagellated protozoan, also reproduces by binary fission. However, unlike Amoeba, Leishmania has a definite whip-like structure (flagellum) at one end of its body. The cell division occurs in a definite orientation relative to these structures.
- C. Plasmodium - 1. Multiple fission
- Correct: Plasmodium, the malarial parasite, reproduces by multiple fission. In this process, the nucleus divides repeatedly to form many daughter nuclei, and then the cytoplasm divides, resulting in numerous daughter cells simultaneously from a single parent cell. This occurs within the host cells (e.g., liver cells, red blood cells).
- D. Yeast - 2. Budding
- Correct: Yeast, a unicellular fungus, reproduces asexually by budding. In budding, a small outgrowth or bud forms on the parent cell, which then enlarges, detaches, and develops into a new individual.
Key Takeaway
Different unicellular organisms employ distinct modes of asexual reproduction, such as binary fission (which can be oriented or non-oriented), multiple fission, and budding, each adapted to their specific cellular structure and life cycle.