NCERT Class 12 Environment & Ecology — Chapter 2: Ecosystem

The correct Answer is A

Explanation

This question requires matching different types of ecosystems with their appropriate classifications based on their characteristics, such as habitat type (terrestrial or aquatic) and specific environmental conditions (e.g., lotic, arid, transitional).

Statement-wise Analysis

1. A. Grassland - 1. Terrestrial ecosystem:
   Correct. Grasslands are biomes dominated by grasses, located on land, and are thus classified as terrestrial ecosystems.
2. B. River - 3. Aquatic ecosystem (Lotic):
   Correct. Rivers are bodies of flowing water. "Lotic" refers to flowing water ecosystems, distinguishing them from lentic (standing water) aquatic ecosystems.
3. C. Estuary - 2. Aquatic ecosystem (Transitional):
   Correct. Estuaries are partially enclosed coastal bodies of brackish water, where freshwater from rivers mixes with saltwater from the ocean. They represent a transitional zone between freshwater and marine environments.
4. D. Desert - 4. Terrestrial ecosystem (Arid):
   Correct. Deserts are terrestrial biomes characterized by extremely low precipitation, making them arid environments.

Key Takeaway

Ecosystems are classified based on their physical characteristics and dominant environmental conditions, such as terrestrial (land-based), aquatic (water-based, further divided into lotic for flowing water and lentic for standing water), and transitional zones like estuaries, or specific climatic conditions like arid for deserts.