Correct Option
The correct option is A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
Explanation
The movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane is governed by osmosis, which depends on the relative concentration of solutes in the solutions inside and outside the cell. This relationship is described by the concept of tonicity.
Detailed Analysis
- A. Hypotonic Solution (Matches 1): A hypotonic solution has a lower solute concentration (and higher water potential) compared to the cell cytoplasm. Consequently, water moves into the cell through endosmosis, causing the cell to swell. In animal cells, this can lead to lysis (bursting), while plant cells become turgid.
- B. Isotonic Solution (Matches 2): An isotonic solution has the same solute concentration as the cell cytoplasm. There is no net movement of water across the cell membrane. Therefore, the cell maintains its shape and stays the same size (flaccid state in plants).
- C. Hypertonic Solution (Matches 4): A hypertonic solution has a higher solute concentration (and lower water potential) than the cell cytoplasm. Water moves out of the cell through exosmosis, causing the cell to lose water and shrink.
- D. Plasmolysis (Matches 3): Plasmolysis is a specific phenomenon observed in plant cells placed in a hypertonic solution. As water moves out, the protoplast (living part of the cell) shrinks and pulls away from the rigid cell wall. This is distinctively described as the shrinkage of protoplasm.
Conclusion:
- A matches 1
- B matches 2
- C matches 4
- D matches 3
Key Takeaway
Osmosis drives water from a region of low solute concentration (hypotonic) to a region of high solute concentration (hypertonic). Plasmolysis is the specific retraction of the protoplasm from the cell wall in plant cells due to exosmosis.