Correct Option
The correct option is A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1
Explanation
The structural evolution of religious architecture in ancient India, particularly during the Gupta period, introduced specific architectural components in Hindu temples and Buddhist Stupas. These terms define the functional and sacred spaces within these structures.
Component Analysis
- A. Shikhara (Matches 3): The Shikhara is the tower or spire built directly on top of the main shrine (Garbhagriha). In the Nagara style of temple architecture, it is typically curvilinear and marks the vertical axis of the temple's most sacred point.
- B. Garbhagriha (Matches 2): Literally translating to "womb chamber," the Garbhagriha is the sanctum sanctorum. It is the central, often small and dark room where the primary image of the chief deity is installed for worship.
- C. Mandapa (Matches 4): The Mandapa is a pillared hall or pavilion situated in front of the sanctum. It served as a space for the assembly of devotees for prayers, rituals, or religious discourses.
- D. Pradakshina patha (Matches 1): This refers to the circumambulatory pathway. In Stupas (and temples), it is the circular path surrounding the central structure, used by devotees to walk around the sacred object in a clockwise direction as a ritual of respect.
Key Takeaway: The Garbhagriha is the seat of the deity, the Shikhara is the tower above it, the Mandapa is the assembly hall, and the Pradakshina patha is the walkway for ritual circumambulation.