Correct Option
The correct option is A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1.
Explanation
Political systems and democratic processes rely on specific mechanisms for governance, voting rights, and the transfer of power. Understanding these terms is essential for comprehending the functioning of democracies and other forms of government.
Statement-wise Analysis
- A. Referendum matches 4 (Direct vote by people on a specific issue): A referendum is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is invited to vote on a particular proposal. It is a tool of direct democracy, distinct from representative elections.
- B. Coup matches 3 (Illegal seizure of power by military): A coup (or coup d'état) refers to the sudden, violent, and illegal seizure of power from a government, typically carried out by the armed forces or a faction within the state apparatus.
- C. Universal Franchise matches 2 (Right of all adults to vote): Universal Adult Franchise (or Suffrage) ensures that all adult citizens have the right to vote without discrimination based on caste, creed, religion, or gender. In India, this is guaranteed under Article 326 of the Constitution.
- D. Coalition matches 1 (Alliance of parties): A coalition government is formed when political parties cooperate to form a government because no single party has achieved an absolute majority in the legislature.
Key Takeaway
Universal Adult Franchise is the bedrock of modern democracy, ensuring equal voting rights, whereas a Referendum is a tool for direct democratic decision-making. A Coalition represents power-sharing in a multi-party system, while a Coup indicates an unconstitutional seizure of power.