The correct option is A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4
Explanation
Early Tamil literature, specifically the Sangam corpus, describes a stratified agrarian society in the Tamil region. The social structure in rural areas was primarily defined by land ownership and the specific role performed in agricultural production.
Analysis of the Terms:
- A. Vellalar (Large Landowner): The Vellalars were the dominant agricultural caste comprising wealthy and large landowners. They held high social status and often occupied administrative positions.
- B. Uzhavar (Ploughman): The term Uzhavar referred to ordinary ploughmen or farmers who tilled the land. They were distinct from the wealthy landowners but were essential to the agrarian economy.
- C. Kadaisiyar (Landless Labourer): These were agricultural workers who did not own land. They worked on the fields owned by others to earn their livelihood.
- D. Adimai (Slave): The term Adimai referred to slaves. They were at the bottom of the social hierarchy and were utilized for manual labour and menial tasks.
Conclusion:
Based on the definitions provided in Sangam literature, the correct matching is A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4.
Key Takeaway:
The rural society of the Sangam Age was hierarchically organized into Vellalars (landowners), Uzhavars (farmers), and Kadaisiyar/Adimai (labourers and slaves).