Correct Option
The correct option is A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
Explanation
The economic and ecological significance of specific fauna found in the Himalayan and trans-Himalayan regions. These animals have historically played a crucial role in the livelihoods, trade, and sustenance of local communities in high-altitude desert ecosystems.
Detailed Analysis
- A. Camel - 2. Salt trade transport: In the context of the trans-Himalayan region (specifically Ladakh and the Silk Route), the Bactrian camel (double-humped) was historically the primary mode of transport for trade caravans. These camels were essential for transporting goods, particularly salt, across the rugged terrain of the high-altitude deserts.
- B. Chiru - 1. Shahtoosh wool: The Chiru, or Tibetan Antelope, is the source of Shahtoosh, known as the "king of wools" for its extreme fineness and warmth. The production of Shahtoosh is controversial and banned because the animal must be killed to extract the wool, leading to the Chiru becoming an endangered species.
- C. Yak - 4. Milk for cheese/butter: The Yak is the lifeline of the people in the Tibetan Plateau and Himalayas. Apart from being a beast of burden, it is a primary source of milk, which is processed into butter and hardened cheese (such as chhurpi) to sustain the local population during harsh winters.
- D. Sheep/Goat - 3. Woollens: Sheep and goats (such as the Changthangi goat) are reared extensively in these regions for the production of wool. This includes standard sheep wool and the highly valued Pashmina, which serves as the raw material for the woollen industry.
Key Takeaway: The Chiru (Tibetan Antelope) is the specific source of the banned Shahtoosh wool, whereas the Yak is central to dairy production in high-altitude regions.