The correct option is (c).
Explanation
The Sahara Desert is a hot desert biome characterized by extreme aridity and temperature fluctuations. The human inhabitants of this region have developed specific socio-economic adaptations, primarily revolving around nomadic pastoralism rather than settled agriculture, to survive in the harsh environment.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: The Bedouins and Tuaregs are nomadic tribes, not settled agricultural communities. They move from place to place in search of water and pastures for their animals. Settled agricultural communities in the Sahara are generally restricted to oasis regions (e.g., the Nile Valley in Egypt) where water is available for growing crops like dates, rice, and wheat.
- Statement 2 is Correct: These nomadic groups rely on rearing livestock such as goats, sheep, camels, and horses. These animals are essential to their economy and survival, providing milk, hides (used for making tents and leather goods), and hair (used for mats, carpets, clothes, and blankets).
- Statement 3 is Correct: The people of the Sahara wear heavy robes as a protective adaptation. This clothing shields them from the abrasive dust storms and the intense heat of the hot winds common in the desert environment.
Key Takeaway:
The Bedouins and Tuaregs are nomadic pastoralists of the Sahara Desert who rear livestock for subsistence and wear heavy protective clothing to withstand the extreme hot desert climate.