The correct option is A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
Explanation
Sufism, the mystical dimension of Islam, emphasizes the direct personal experience of the Divine through specific spiritual practices, rituals, and communal living arrangements. These terms represent core components of Sufi worship and social organization.
Detailed Analysis:
- A. Zikr (Matches 4 - Chanting of a name): Zikr (or Dhikr) literally means "remembrance." In Sufi practice, it refers to the devotional act of reciting the names of God or sacred phrases repeatedly, either silently or aloud, to maintain a constant awareness of the Divine.
- B. Sama (Matches 3 - Singing): Sama translates to "listening" or "audition." It refers to a Sufi gathering involving music and mystical poetry (singing) aimed at inducing spiritual ecstasy or a trance-like state to bring the devotee closer to God. The Chisti order, in particular, popularized Sama in India.
- C. Raqs (Matches 2 - Dancing): Raqs refers to dance. It is often associated with the state of ecstasy achieved during Sama. While not all Sufi orders approve of dancing, it is a recognized expression of spiritual joy in certain traditions (e.g., the whirling of dervishes).
- D. Khanqah (Matches 1 - Hospice): A Khanqah is a building designed specifically for the gatherings of a Sufi brotherhood. It served as a hospice, lodge, or spiritual retreat where Sufi saints lived, instructed disciples, and offered shelter to travelers and the poor.
Key Takeaway:
Sufi practice relies on Zikr (remembrance/chanting), Sama (musical audition), and Raqs (ecstatic dance) for spiritual elevation, while the Khanqah serves as the institutional center (hospice) for community life and teaching.