Correct Option
The correct option is A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1
Explanation
The Mughal Empire expanded its territories through military conquests and diplomatic integration of various tribal chiefdoms and regional kingdoms. This specific historical interactions between Mughal generals/emperors and regional powers such as the Cheros, Gonds, Ahoms, and Gakkhars.
Statement-wise Analysis
- A. Defeat by Raja Man Singh (1591) - 2. Cheros:
Correct Match. The Cheros were a tribal chiefdom located in present-day Bihar and Jharkhand. In 1591, Raja Man Singh, a trusted general of Emperor Akbar, attacked and defeated the Cheros. A large amount of booty was taken, but they were not entirely subjugated at that time.
- B. Defeat by Asaf Khan (1565) - 3. Gonds:
Correct Match. The Gond kingdom of Garha Katanga was a prosperous state. In 1565, the Mughal forces under Asaf Khan attacked Garha Katanga. Despite a valiant defense by Rani Durgavati (acting as regent for her son), the Gonds were defeated. The Mughals captured immense wealth, including precious coins and elephants.
- C. Defeat by Mir Jumla (1662) - 4. Ahoms:
Correct Match. The Ahoms ruled the Brahmaputra valley. In 1662, during the reign of Aurangzeb, the Mughal general Mir Jumla invaded the Ahom kingdom. Despite brave resistance, the Ahoms were defeated. However, direct Mughal control over the region could not last long due to geographical challenges and guerrilla warfare.
- D. Made Mansabdar by Akbar - 1. Gakkhars:
Correct Match. The Gakkhars (or Khokhars) were a powerful tribe in the Punjab region. Their chief, Kamal Khan Gakkhar, was recognized by Emperor Akbar and was made a noble (Mansabdar) in the Mughal court. This was part of Akbar's policy to integrate powerful local chieftains into the imperial administration.
Key Takeaway
Mughal-Tribal Relations: Raja Man Singh defeated the Cheros (1591); Asaf Khan conquered the Gonds of Garha Katanga (1565); Mir Jumla defeated the Ahoms (1662); and the Gakkhar chief Kamal Khan was inducted as a Mansabdar by Akbar.