The correct Answer is A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3
Explanation
This question assesses knowledge of prominent archaeologists and their significant contributions to Indian archaeology, particularly concerning the Indus Valley Civilization and the establishment of archaeological institutions.
Statement-wise Analysis
- A. Alexander Cunningham - 1. First Director-General of ASI
- Correct: Alexander Cunningham was indeed the first Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), appointed in 1871. His work laid the foundation for systematic archaeological exploration in India.
- B. R.E.M. Wheeler - 4. Introduced military precision in archaeology
- Correct: Mortimer Wheeler, as Director-General of the ASI from 1944 to 1948, introduced modern archaeological techniques, emphasizing stratigraphy and meticulous recording, often described as bringing "military precision" to excavations.
- C. John Marshall - 2. Announced the discovery of a new civilization
- Correct: John Marshall, as Director-General of the ASI from 1902 to 1928, oversaw the excavations at Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. In 1924, he officially announced to the world the discovery of a new civilization, now known as the Indus Valley Civilization.
- D. R.S. Bisht - 3. Excavations at Dholavira
- Correct: R.S. Bisht is renowned for his extensive excavations at the Harappan site of Dholavira in Gujarat, which provided significant insights into the town planning and water management systems of the civilization.
Key Takeaway
Key figures in Indian archaeology are associated with specific institutional roles, methodological advancements, and major site discoveries.