Correct Option
The correct option is A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1.
Explanation
Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) in India are governed under the framework of the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act. Their classification, functions, and revenue sources vary based on the size of the urban area and administrative requirements.
Detailed Analysis of Matches
- A. Property Tax - 3. Paid by people who own homes:
Property tax is a direct tax levied by the municipal authority on real estate owners. It is one of the most significant sources of revenue for urban local bodies, used to fund services like street lighting, garbage collection, and park maintenance.
- B. Sub-Contracting - 2. Privatization of garbage collection services:
Sub-contracting in municipal administration refers to outsourcing specific tasks to private agencies to improve efficiency and reduce costs. A common example in Indian cities is the privatization of waste management and garbage collection, where private contractors are hired by the municipality to perform the work.
- C. Ward Committee - 4. Body that debates city-wide issues:
Administratively, a city is divided into wards, each represented by an elected Councillor. Groups of Councillors form committees (often referred to as Ward Committees or Standing Committees) to debate and decide on complex issues that affect the entire city or large segments of it, such as water supply, sanitation, and town planning.
- D. Municipal Council - 1. Local body for smaller towns:
The 74th Amendment classifies urban local bodies into three types based on population size:
- Nagar Panchayat: For areas in transition from rural to urban.
- Municipal Council (Nagar Palika): For smaller urban areas (smaller towns).
- Municipal Corporation (Nagar Nigam): For larger urban areas (big cities).
Key Takeaway
Municipal Councils administer smaller towns, while Municipal Corporations govern large cities. Both rely on Property Tax as a major revenue source and may use Sub-contracting to outsource services like sanitation.