The correct option is 1972.
Explanation
The Wildlife (Protection) Act is a landmark legislation enacted by the Parliament of India to provide for the protection of wild animals, birds, and plants. It serves as the primary legal framework for wildlife conservation and the management of protected areas in the country.
Analysis of Options:
- 1972 is correct: The Wildlife (Protection) Act was enacted in 1972. It established schedules of protected plant and animal species, created protected areas (National Parks and Sanctuaries), and regulated trade in wildlife products.
- 1973 is incorrect: The year 1973 is significant for the launch of Project Tiger, a specific conservation programme initiated by the Government of India, but not the Act itself.
- 1980 is incorrect: The year 1980 marks the enactment of the Forest (Conservation) Act, which was designed to check the diversion of forest land for non-forest purposes.
- 1986 is incorrect: The year 1986 is associated with the enactment of the Environment (Protection) Act, an umbrella legislation passed under Article 253 of the Constitution, largely in response to the Bhopal Gas Tragedy.
Key Takeaway: The Wildlife (Protection) Act was implemented in 1972, preceding other major environmental laws like the Forest (Conservation) Act (1980) and the Environment (Protection) Act (1986).