The correct option is 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
The Beej Bachao Andolan (Save the Seeds Movement) is a grassroots initiative focused on conserving indigenous seeds and promoting traditional, sustainable agricultural practices. It emerged as a response to the Green Revolution's emphasis on hybrid seeds and chemical-intensive farming.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. The movement did not originate in the Western Ghats. It originated in the Tehri Garhwal district of Uttarakhand (in the Himalayas) in the late 1980s. It was led by activists like Vijay Jardhari.
- Statement 2 is Correct. The movement has successfully demonstrated that diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals (fertilizers and pesticides) is economically viable. It emphasizes that traditional farming methods can sustain livelihoods while preserving soil health.
- Statement 3 is Correct. The movement strongly advocates for diversified crop production. It promotes the revival of the traditional 'Baranaja' system, which involves intercropping twelve different types of crops (grains, pulses, oilseeds, and vegetables) to ensure food security and maintain soil fertility.
Key Takeaway:
The Beej Bachao Andolan originated in Uttarakhand to revive traditional agricultural practices, specifically the Baranaja (12 grains) intercropping system, proving that chemical-free, diversified farming is economically and ecologically sustainable.