The correct option is Passing amendment bills.
Explanation
Article 368 of the Indian Constitution deals specifically with the power of Parliament to amend the Constitution and the procedure therefor. It mandates that most constitutional amendments be passed by a Special Majority.
Analysis of the Context:
- Passing amendment bills Passing amendment bills: Correct. Article 368 explicitly requires that a Bill for the amendment of the Constitution must be passed in each House by a majority of the total membership of that House and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members of that House present and voting. This is the specific "Special Majority" defined within the context of Article 368.
- The impeachment of the President only The impeachment of the President only: Incorrect. While the impeachment of the President requires a special majority (two-thirds of the total membership of the House), this procedure is governed by Article 61, not Article 368. Furthermore, Article 368 is not restricted to a single event but applies to the legislative process of amending the Constitution.
- All legislative business in the Parliament All legislative business in the Parliament: Incorrect. Ordinary legislative business, such as passing ordinary bills or money bills, requires only a Simple Majority (more than 50% of members present and voting).
- Situations where the ruling party lacks a simple majority Situations where the ruling party lacks a simple majority: Incorrect. The requirement for a Special Majority is a constitutional mandate for specific types of bills (amendments) to ensure broad consensus; it is not a procedural tool dependent on the ruling party's numerical strength.
Key Takeaway:
Article 368 governs Constitutional Amendments and requires a Special Majority (Majority of total membership + 2/3rds of members present and voting) for the passage of such bills.