Correct Option
The correct option is Only three pairs.
Explanation
Constitutional amendment Acts are identified by their specific changes to constitutional provisions, schedules, or institutional arrangements.
The 15th, 54th, and 42nd Amendments are correctly matched with their respective contexts, while the 61st Amendment is incorrectly matched.
- Pair A: Correct. The 15th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1963 increased the retirement age of High Court judges from 60 years to 62 years.
- Pair B: Correct. The 54th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1986 revised and increased the salaries of Supreme Court and High Court judges.
- Pair C: Incorrect. The 61st Constitutional Amendment Act, 1988 reduced the voting age from 21 years to 18 years. The anti-defection law was introduced by the 52nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1985 through the Tenth Schedule.
- Pair D: Correct. The 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976, enacted during the Emergency period, introduced wide-ranging constitutional changes and is commonly known for extensive modifications to the Constitution.
Therefore, three pairs are correctly matched.
Key Takeaway: The 52nd Amendment relates to anti-defection, while the 61st Amendment relates to lowering the voting age from 21 to 18 years.