The correct option is (c) 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
Earth’s rotation on its axis is the primary mechanism responsible for the cycle of day and night. This rotation ensures that heat and light from the Sun are distributed across the planet over a 24-hour period, preventing extreme temperature accumulation on any single portion of the Earth's surface.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: If the Earth ceased to rotate, the portion of the Earth facing the Sun would remain in that position permanently (or for extended durations depending on orbital mechanics). This would result in continuous daylight and continuous warmth for that specific hemisphere.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The portion of the Earth facing away from the Sun would remain in continuous darkness. Without solar insolation, this region would not experience a moderate climate; rather, it would become freezing cold due to the total absence of incoming solar heat.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The cessation of rotation would create extreme environmental conditions-scorching heat on the illuminated side and freezing cold on the dark side. These extremes would disrupt the planet's heat balance, making the environment unsuitable for sustaining life as it currently exists.
Key Takeaway:
Earth's rotation is essential for moderating global temperatures by alternating exposure to solar radiation, thereby preventing the development of uninhabitable thermal extremes.