The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
The Indian Desert, situated to the northwest of the Aravali hills, has a distinct geological history. It is believed that during the Mesozoic era, this region was submerged under the sea. This theory is supported by specific paleontological and geological evidences found in the Jaisalmer region.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: The Wood Fossils Park at Aakal, near Jaisalmer, contains fossils estimated to be approximately 180 million years old. These fossils, dating back to the Jurassic period, are cited in geological studies as corroborative evidence of the region's paleo-environment and its geological evolution involving marine transgression.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Marine deposits are explicitly found in the region. The presence of marine deposits around Brahmsar, near Jaisalmer, serves as direct evidence that the area was once under the sea. Therefore, the claim that no marine deposits are found is factually wrong.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Although the underlying rock structure of the desert is an extension of the Peninsular Plateau, it is characterized by marine sedimentary rocks. These rocks were formed during the period of submergence and are now covered by aeolian (wind-blown) sand deposits.
Key Takeaway:
The evidence that the Indian Desert was under the sea during the Mesozoic era includes the Akal Wood Fossil Park and the presence of marine deposits at Brahmsar.