The correct option is (b).
Explanation
Ladakh is a high-altitude cold desert characterized by extreme aridity, long harsh winters, and short mild summers. The vegetation is generally sparse; however, specific valleys with favorable microclimates support temperate horticulture. The growing season is limited to the summer months when temperatures rise sufficiently to support flowering and fruiting.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- 1. Apples: Correct. Apples are successfully grown in the lower altitude valleys of Ladakh, such as the Nubra and Indus valleys. Varieties suitable for temperate climates thrive here during the summer.
- 2. Apricots: Correct. The apricot (locally known as Chuli) is the most common and commercially important fruit crop in Ladakh. It blooms profusely during the summer and is well-adapted to the region's dry, cold climate.
- 3. Walnuts: Correct. Walnut trees are found in specific pockets of Ladakh, particularly in lower elevations where the climate is slightly milder. They are part of the traditional horticulture of the region.
- 4. Mangoes: Incorrect. Mango is a tropical to sub-tropical fruit that requires high temperatures, significant humidity, and a frost-free climate to survive and fruit. The cold desert climate of Ladakh, with its freezing winters and cool, arid summers, is agro-climatically unsuitable for mango cultivation.
Key Takeaway:
The cold desert climate of Ladakh supports temperate fruit crops such as apricots, apples, and walnuts, but it is agro-climatically incompatible with tropical fruits like mangoes.