The correct option is 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Explanation
In human geography, urban settlements are classified based on their dominant function. Administrative towns are cities that primarily serve as the administrative headquarters of a country, state, or specific region. These towns house the seat of government, including secretariats, legislative assemblies, and other key administrative offices.
Analysis:
- 1. Chandigarh: Correct. Chandigarh is a planned city that serves as the administrative capital for two states, Punjab and Haryana, as well as the Union Territory of Chandigarh. Its primary function is administrative.
- 2. Dispur: Correct. Dispur is the capital of Assam and houses the Assam Secretariat and State Assembly. It functions as the administrative nerve center of the state.
- 3. Gandhinagar: Correct. Gandhinagar is the capital of Gujarat. It was specifically planned and developed to replace Ahmedabad as the administrative center of the state.
- 4. Shillong: Correct. Shillong is the capital of Meghalaya. It serves as the administrative headquarters for the state government and has historically been an administrative hub for the North East region.
Key Takeaway:
Towns supporting administrative headquarters of a higher order (such as state or national capitals) are classified as administrative towns. Common examples include New Delhi, Chandigarh, Bhopal, Shillong, Gandhinagar, Jaipur, and Chennai.