Correct Option
The correct option is 1 only
Explanation
The service sector in India exhibits a dual structure. One section employs highly skilled and educated workers, while the other employs a vast number of workers engaged in small-scale services. The latter group often suffers from underemployment, where individuals work below their potential or do not find work every day.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: Underemployment is frequently found among casual workers in urban areas. Examples include pushcart vendors, daily wage laborers, and petty service providers who may spend the whole day working but earn very little due to a lack of consistent demand.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Painters, plumbers, and repair persons are generally classified under the unorganized sector in India. They are typically not considered "highly paid professionals" in the organized sector; rather, they often struggle with low wages, irregular work, and a lack of social security benefits.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: Workers in this segment do not choose this employment for flexibility or because they have better opportunities elsewhere. They work in these low-productivity service roles primarily because of the lack of alternative employment opportunities in the formal or organized sectors.
Key Takeaway: A significant portion of the service sector workforce comprises casual laborers in the unorganized sector who face underemployment and engage in low-paid work due to the absence of better livelihood options.