Correct Option
The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
The Vijayanagara School of painting (14th-16th century AD) represents a significant phase in South Indian mural art, evolving from the Chola and Pandya traditions. These murals are primarily found adorning the ceilings and walls of temples in Hampi and Lepakshi, characterized by their two-dimensional quality and emphasis on mythological narratives.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: The ceiling of the Ranga Mandapa in the Virupaksha Temple at Hampi features well-preserved paintings from the Vijayanagara period. These murals serve as key examples of the artistic style prevalent during the empire's zenith.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The paintings do not focus exclusively on floral patterns. While floral and creeper motifs are used for decorative borders and backgrounds, the primary subject matter consists of complex mythological scenes, royal processions, and religious iconography.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The thematic content is predominantly religious. The paintings extensively depict the Dashavatara (the ten incarnations of Vishnu), scenes from the Ramayana and Mahabharata, and episodes related to Shiva, such as the marriage of Pampa and Virupaksha.
Key Takeaway
Key Takeaway: Vijayanagara murals are distinct for their narrative religious themes, specifically the Dashavatara and Hindu epics, and are prominently preserved on the ceilings of the Virupaksha Temple (Hampi) and the Veerabhadra Temple (Lepakshi).