The correct option is (c) 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
In the context of geography and resource management, a substance or object is classified as a 'resource' based on its ability to satisfy a human need. This capability is defined as utility.
Statement 1 is Correct:
Utility or usability is the defining characteristic that makes an object or substance a resource. Without the capacity to satisfy a need or perform a function, an object remains neutral stuff, not a resource.
Statement 2 is Incorrect:
While all resources have value (worth), they do not all have economic value. Some resources, like metals or fossil fuels, have economic value and can be bought or sold. Others, like a scenic landscape or clean air, possess aesthetic or survival value but may not have a direct commercial or economic price. Both categories are resources because they satisfy human needs.
Statement 3 is Correct:
Value means 'worth'. It is the utility of an object that confers value upon it. Whether the value is economic (commercial) or non-economic (aesthetic/ecological), the presence of utility ensures the object has worth.
Key Takeaway:
Utility is the prerequisite for any object to be a resource. While utility gives an object value (worth), it does not necessarily imply economic value in every case.