Correct Option
The correct option is (a).
Explanation
The Earth is divided into specific heat zones based on the angle of the sun's rays and the latitude. These zones-Torrid, Temperate, and Frigid-determine the general climate characteristics of different regions.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: The North Temperate Zone is the region located between the Tropic of Cancer (23½° N) and the Arctic Circle (66½° N) in the Northern Hemisphere. This zone experiences moderate temperatures.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The South Temperate Zone lies between the Tropic of Capricorn (23½° S) and the Antarctic Circle (66½° S) in the Southern Hemisphere. The statement incorrectly suggests it extends from the Tropic of Cancer.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: The Temperate Zones do not receive maximum heat. The mid-day sun never shines vertically overhead on any latitude beyond the Tropics. As a result, the angle of the sun's rays is always slanting, leading to moderate temperatures. It is the Torrid Zone (between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn) that receives the maximum heat from the sun.
Key Takeaway
Temperate Zones are characterized by moderate climate and slanting sun rays, situated between the Tropics and the Polar Circles in both hemispheres, distinct from the high-heat Torrid Zone.