Correct Option
The correct option is 1, 2 and 3.
Explanation
Article 368 of the Indian Constitution lays down the procedure for amending the Constitution. Most provisions require a "Special Majority" in both Houses of Parliament. This majority is rigorous to ensure that the Constitution is not amended arbitrarily or by a transient majority.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: The first condition for the Special Majority under Article 368 is that the bill must be supported by a majority of the total membership of the House. This means more than 50% of the total strength of the House, irrespective of vacancies or absentees.
- Statement 2 is Correct: The second condition is that the bill must be supported by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members of that House present and voting. Both the conditions (Statement 1 and Statement 2) must be fulfilled simultaneously for the bill to pass.
- Statement 3 is Correct: A Constitution Amendment Bill must be passed by each House of Parliament separately. In case of a disagreement between the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha, there is no provision for a joint sitting (Article 108) for the purpose of passing a Constitution Amendment Bill.
Key Takeaway
Key Takeaway: Passing a Constitutional Amendment Bill under Article 368 requires a "Double Majority" (Absolute Majority of total strength + 2/3rds of present and voting) in each House separately, with no provision for a joint sitting to resolve deadlocks.